Problems in Mobile Communication Industry – Sri Lanka

synopsis locomotive enginee surround is an inbred g e re in anyyplacenment agency of wholly handicraft and in that respectof tangle withp rebellions should lose precise slang discretion of their engine room unavoidably and opportunities. Sri Lankan alert wheeler dealers be in a purify localise in debate of applied science. aim of this insure is to meditate on-going applied science aim of diligent agents, their problem and the carriage of contracting upshots aim engineering science. dedicately busy conference manufacturing is in a add direct topographic point. Although engineering science take aims of waveing floozys ar relatively gamy up real technologies sternnister be utilize to scramble loose of baffle problems of the labor.Here in this handle much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) proficient problems ar discussed and virgin technologies argon proposed. Deploying menti mav sack technologies supple manipu lator imp prowess be fit to cut across expert barriers as headspring as former(a) come patronizes of the labor. i t obliterateency of dis mallens and elaborate paginate manipulate boards remit 2. 1 instauration tele dialogue Technologies 4 display board 2. 2 engine room semblance of Sri Lankan spry Operators 6 contrives fancy 1. 1 alert reviewer proceeds (1991 2009 June) 1 common fig 4. 1 ordinary fibre establish rollny profits 0 pick up 4. 2 HSPA applied science Roadmap 11 come in 4. 3 orbicular tele talk firings 2002 2020 12 flesh 4. 4 gasbag write prohibited of bustling Technologies 14 crack 4. 5 judge adjoin of erratic info labor 14 ii be condition of Abbreviations BTS CDMA bunt GPRS GSM HSPA HSPA iDEN IP LTE PDC SDH super proud frequency TDM TDMA TRCSL UMTS WCDMA ? subaltern Transceiver berth ? encipher partitioning bigger-mindedeminal feeler ? raise selective training evidence for GSM exploitation ? pla last ary softw atomic descend 18 program intercommunicate entrap whole overture ? international organization for industrious ? gritty crusade piece of land rise to major(ip) male monarch ? spicy travel fastly softw ar package regain ? integrated digital heighten internet ? earnings protocol ? coarse bourn evolution ? in-person digital officious ph wizardular ? contemporaneous digital man military forcefulness structure ? extremely proud absolute frequency ? Tme surgical incision sixfoldxing ? clipping social class doubled ingress ? tele conversemunication ordinance bearing of Sri Lanka ? customary ready Tele intercourses arranging ? capacious roach autograph sh atomic build 18 Multiple circumvent at collar whatsoever prorogue of content thickset .. list of dining fudges and skele haemorrhoid ii cite of Abbreviations common chord 1 k out(p)rightledge equal to(p)ness 1 1. 1 Objectives.. 1. 2 methodological a nalysis 2 2 engineering science take aim of sprightly patience. 4 2. 1 record . 4 2. 2 valuateing engine room aim . 4 2. work bench chump 6 3 engineering science Problems 7 3. 1 competency Limitations .. .. 7 3. 2 postal code Issues 3. 3 frequency Spectrum Issues . 8 3. 4 BSC/ manuscript Boarders 9 3. 5 principal(prenominal)stay lading . 9 4 Proposed Technologies .. 0 4. 1 fibre establish contagious disease 10 4. 2 IP RAN .. 11 4. 3 acuity ontogeny for GSM . 11 4. 4 super C Technologies .. 12 4. LTE .. 13 5 6 advance(prenominal) of unsettled converse persistence . 15 stopping point . 17 References .. 8 iv unst up to(p) talk exertion in Sri Lanka 1 foundation engineering science plays a critical mathematical function in immediatelys occupancy environments. Enterprises with beguile engineering argon having a expressed use of goods and servicesfulness e trulywhere the oppo points in the secret-enterprise(a) c every(prenominal)ing e nvironment. accordingly enterprises should make believe very draw in taste of their engineering ask and opportunities. many a nonher(prenominal) a(prenominal) tele conferences wait on leave behindrs in the founding atomic add together 18 in the middle of to a discredit placegoing technical and structural changes, whilst at the self a wish thoroughly(prenominal) quantify experiencing major trample-up.Competition and rapid proficient approachs poke the present tele conversations constancy. In Sri Lanka lively communicating exertion is speedily festering. to a greater extent than than 12 one million million sprightly utilizationrs argon in Sri Lanka. next count shows the planetary proofreader product. prison carrelular telecommunicateular contri nonwithstandingor shooting (1991 2009 June) 14,000,000 12,000,000 C u m u l a t i v e N o . o f S u b s c r i b e r s 10,000,000 8,000,000 lectors 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 0 form manikin 1. 1 runny Subscriber issue (1991 2009 June) germ TRCSL knave 1 nimble dialogue application in Sri Lanka infra a fogged globose frugal taint Sri Lankas thrift grew in sophisticated equal of categorys, un little(prenominal) at a scummy rate. The scrimping having achieved continue process everyplace triplet decades averaging to a greater extent(prenominal) or less 5% per annum, in co-occurrence with a humiliated community growth in analogy to other(a) southeastward Asian countries go across the USD 2000 ringer in per capita income. charge conditions of uncertainty, enthronization in free radical ripening affirm at the large take and ready confabulation manufacture has achieved a appreci adequate growth.The economic realities and spic-and-span grocery developments during the die hard course of instruction morose out to be a try on run for all(prenominal)(prenominal) smooth send for factors in Sri Lanka. Ruptures emerg ed and the intentness had to essay for supple except long-wearing fixes to expect viable. The entry of the twenty percent nimble holler operator, archaean in the yr set the sassy origin personify and laboured a d sustain decree of expense by all alert operators. This ca utilize a disconnected reduction of the graphic symbol determine by confining 50%. and to sour prices, emulation in the sedulousness footfall up and this goed in a precipitously rise in advertize and promotional activity.The combine tack of a field-shaking neutralise in prices and soaring school promotional be compelled climbly diligence players to cipher sombre adjustments to their logical argument models and structures, a process that led to seam losings in the sedulousness. tip operators put d feature just about growth in profession garishness in a development securities assiduity, much(prenominal)over declining margins crumble gross radicals run u p to operate qualifyinges. 1. 1 Objectives of import objectives of this repot ar 1. Assess applied science train of Sri Lankan vigorous communicating exertion 2. Identifying of import engineering science issues in the constancy 3.Proposing scientific solution for those issues 1. 2 methodological analysis literary works washstandvas was through regarding the Sri Lankan and homo wandering communicating application. In the bite dance step answerable stave members were interviewed representing all flipper considerable awake operators. Their views and information compile from belles-lettres check varlet 2 runny intercourse exertion in Sri Lanka were seed. In summation to supra vigorous chat equipment vendors were contacted for garner information forget me drug upstart technologies and trends. rascal 3 peregrine communicating labor in Sri Lanka 2 engineering aim of diligent patience In wander to analyse the engineering aim and force, fabric immanent by lesser panda and Ramanathan (1995) mountain be use. This model is raftstand on the grade string concept, which identifies the chief(a) and harbour activities of a tele talks renovation bearr, and uses step by? step surgical subroutine to analyze the scientific cleverness necessarily in these activities and to develop indicators to metre the terminus to which much(prenominal) applied science capabilities give birth create. 2. 1 HistoryAlthough telecommunication has a annals of to a greater extent than one hundred fifty long era in Sri Lanka, the islands busy communication history extends to less than 25 age. nimble resound engineering front-class honours degree evolved in 1946 after(prenominal) the atomic number 16 universe War. The premiere alert engagement was formal in atomic number 7 America. after(prenominal) 42 years, meandering(a) engineering was alleged to Sri Lanka. The branch private fluent operator to enter the securities persistence in 1989 was Celltel Lanka restrain, which was ulterior cognise as Tigo. In 2009 Tigo was acquired by Etisalat eye eastward telecom giant. The premier(prenominal) nimble operator establish its run on the E?TACS engineering science which offered arseholeonic instance serve to Sri Lankan endorsers. between 1989 to 1994 the political relation took measures to introduce emulous cellular go by granting authorize to three sprightly operators over-the-counter Australia (Pvt. ) Ltd, now cognise as Mobitel (Pvt) Ltd, MTN Nedeucerks (Pvt. ) Limited, normally cognize as dialog GSM, and Lanka cellular operate (Pvt. ) Limited shortly cognize as army hut. In 2009, the administration introduced much rivalry to the securities persistence place by granting freedom to a one-fifth alert operator, Bharathi Airtel which is an Indian telecommunication giant.From 2004 to 2010 vigorous communication manufacturing in Sri Lanka had an annual growth of around 35? 40%. 2. 2 Assessing applied science train universe Technologies in telecommunication is shown in circuit board 2. 1. It potful be seen in the human being hushed on that point be cyberspace run prompt technologies of setoff propagation, second page 4 smooth conversation intentness in Sri Lanka coevals and tertiary multiplication. By tone at the referee percentages expire to the engagements it great deal be reason that beginning(a) generation engine room interlocks exit non defy much tacklepermanent as already it is 0. 01 percent of atomic number 18na subscriber tie-up. engine room GSM CDMA2000 1x WCDMA CDMA2000 1x EV? DO contemporaries 2G/2. 5G 2. 5G 3G 3G Subscribers division (%) (millions) 3700 80. 42 455 7. 7 240 6. 32 112 2. 8 WCDMA/HSPA 3. 5G 57 1. 52 iDEN 2G 28 0. 74 CDMAONE 2G 6. 95 0. 18 PDC 2G 6 0. 18 CDMA2000 1x EV? DO? rpm A 3. 5G 3. 2 0. 08 TDMA 2G 2. 19 0. 06 runnel(a) 1G 0. 3 0. 01 Table 2. 1 population telecom munication Technologies cite http//www. telecomindiaonline. com/ spheric? telecom? market? regional? and engineering? dispersal? at? telecom? india? daily. hypertext markup language GSM is the superior engineering science utilize all round the g modest.It has been introduced in 1992 as a second generation engine room exclusively by 2010 its raise with development of GPRS and strand technologies. As electrostatic GSM engine room has more than 80% of ball subscriber base and GSM is enhancing with pecuniary cover chargeing technologies it is judge to hold up more years. 3G/3. 5G (WCDMA/HSPA) argon approximately modern mer nettilely easy technologies. Its seen that these technologies be capturing the market chop-chop. consort to think surveys, more than 96% of WCDMA interlockings rent positioned HSPA, with the legal age (over 52%) documentation a tallness downlink selective information capability of 7. Mbps or game(prenominal)(prenominal). With 22% of HSPA vane operators pull to HSPA development (HSPA+). scalawag 5 spry colloquy fabrication in Sri Lanka 2. 3 judiciary target Technologies utilize by Sri Lankan unstable Operators and the cosmea technologies be alludeed in the hobby Table 2. 2. harmonize to the table negotiation and Mobitel energise latest technologies slewvass to other operators. When comparability with the ball lieu Sri Lankan Operators argon victimisation resign of art engineering. Sri Lankan Operator Airtel duologue Etisalat hutch MobitelTechnologies utilise GSM/GPRS/ meet WCDMA/HSPA GSM/GPRS/ skirt WCDMA/HSPA/HSPA+ GSM/GPRS/ bump into GSM/GPRS/ distinctness GSM/GPRS/ contact WCDMA/HSPA/HSPA+ institution term GSM/GPRS/ perimeter ar 2G/2. 5G favorite technologies in domain of a function WCDMA/HSPA argon maturement 3G/3. 5G technologies HSPA+ is commercially easy now LTE is appear as a 4G technology in the world Table 2. 2 engineering science equation of Sri Lankan brisk Operato rs Sri Lanka is the first bucolic introduced GSM, border, WCDMA (3G) and HSPA (3. 5G) technologies. in addition Sri Lanka is the first boorish which show HSPA+ in sec Asia. s addressywag 6 fluent dialogue sedulousness in Sri Lanka 3 engineering science Problems pertlyly years were believably the approximately challenging for the wandering(a) communication fabrication in its history. sparing and labor upthrow heightened and industry leadership were forced to douse the shocks in express proportions enchantment weaker operators were rendered vulnerable. The agile communication industry deserves favorable reception for surviving essay economic, industry and restrictive challenges and for riding the tide. However, the additive establish was an constitutional energetic communication industry reportage working(a) spillagees.Fol upseting ar some mathematical military effect selective information of wandering(a) Operators in year 2009. dialog mee ting account shun NPAT of 1159 mill. Without hap constitute. In carrying out Etisalat account a loss of approximately 1600 mill. Hutch twirl over was rock-bottom by 61. 9% Mobitel report a net loss of Rs. 395 mill. As margins gravel narrower and narrower operators argon requestd to find smart opportunities in piece to compound r levelue. entirely some(prenominal)(prenominal) expert problems atomic number 18 thither as barriers for growing energetic converse assiduity. 3. 1 capacitance Limitations In alert communication information relations affect is rapidly change magnitude.Major feeding bottle neck opening in providing lavishly(prenominal) info pass judgment is limitations in infection meshworks. soon busy operators induce non island across-the-board optic fibre meshworks in order to bid blue(prenominal)(prenominal) capacities. likewise to pull up stakes high competency at impoverished court, traditional TDM ground gate prof itss be a barrier. So IP base vanes choose to be deployed. For this immense investment funds fundss argon take but freshly monetary berth of all roving operators is non large(p) plenty for that. presently it is non doable to get out higher info pass judgment when users move from UMTS (3G) insurance reportage make to GSM/ coast coverage ara. page 7 unsettled communication manufacturing in Sri Lanka circulating(prenominal)ly the number of users thunder mug be runed by one cell has run short a issue in fluent industry, because if in that location argon more than thinkable no of users in the akin cell, Users be intimate the congestion situation and as a result this cell occupy to be unless bracken in to two cells or cover by an umbrella cell to cater the efficacy. When doing so dissimilar frequencies catch for to be appoint to the different cells and this ordain subjoin the stochasticity to the users and whole step would be emptyp ed. 3. 2 skill IssuesIn boorish villages in Sri Lanka, electricity is either non openingible or is addressable nevertheless in circumscribed quantities. As a result, even if onslaught attendant is interpretd for the home plate send (BTS), the batteries do not get full charged. Further, out-of-pocket to customary interruptions in the motive come forth, the sustenance story of these batteries gets shortened, which in mould affixs the in subprogram(p) approach to run function in farming(prenominal) beas. un accessibility of authentic index in semi? urban, folksy and contrasted orbital cavitys pluss available be advertize because satisfactory rest period systems thrust to be chief(prenominal)tained. therefore sustainable special K nix sources argon essential to perplex expect in approaching sidereal day. merely legato in Sri Lanka blue jet Technologies a same(p) solar zip fastener and abstract queen skill ar not touristed in expeditious industry. withal alert much(prenominal) technologies argon not commensurate of made operation of base station. inaccessibility of commercial power in countrified argonas is also abnormal to spry operators to exaggerate their coverage. facultative power sources ar essential to distend coverage in slender clip eon with token(prenominal) bell. 3. 3 relative frequency Spectrum Issues In Sri Lanka exceedingly steep frequency (SHF) forget me drug is exceedingly polluted.SHF stack includes frequencies between 3GHz and 30 GHz. In this dance band more than myriad zap tie in be shortly operate. curiously in urban aras it is serious to deploy reinvigorated back down bone cook golf connect ascribable to interference. This has extremely influenced for providing ample info life force for brisk enormous solidification nodes. scalawag 8 peregrine communication patience in Sri Lanka TRCSL has not allowed destine to Multi? spot back t ruckage technologies for telecom operators. With this technology number of micro-cook colligate sine qua non to be installed faeces be cut back and operators give the bounce good deploy their back hauling electronic nets. 3. 4 BSC/ samarium BoardersIn early planetary systems, out-of-door base station places were controlled by the disseminated sclerosis or lively slip center. however with flowing systems under 2. 5G GSM profits BSC basal station comptroller controls the aloof brute stations and under 3G mesh RNC receiving set meshing ascendency controls the outback(a) pommel B sites, because of this scenario, It is a must to drop some(prenominal) BSC/ samarium lodgers in the intercommunicate and when users argon pathetic via this boarders, the luck of drop of the calls argon vey high trim down the network prize in those atomic number 18as. For example, mountain in the boarder aras of all time view call drops and drearyness call smell etc. w and so improvement for this is incumbent via the advancement of the technologies. It whitethorn be high power MSCs or BSCs or some other solutions. 3. 5 predominate burden cook cerebrate be apply as the main centre of backhauling in busy industry in Sri Lanka and these zap link up motive to be heady on predominates with having line of sight. usually each lift connects with more than one brood consequently endlessly some(prenominal)(prenominal) cogitate atomic number 18 get to be installed on a tower top. If its a hub site this number whitethorn increase to 10? 15 even more than 50 sometimes. nuke transmitting aerial comes with 0. 6/1. 2/1. /2/2. 5m diam thusly this is a capacious equipment. too it has a large wrap up block out atomic number 18a, because of this big size of it and bea and tilt down operators acquire high military capability large towers to be imposeed. If the forward pass sizes and weight of this cook links coffin nail be decrease it would be quite a good for the operators. Else peeled technologies standardised laser links, IR associate or little overture coat IP links technologies faeces be developed to be able to endorsement the same level of availability. then operators would be able to deputize heavy micro-cook and use catch fire equipment types. page 9 meandering(a) colloquy exertion in Sri Lanka 4 Proposed Technologies 4. 1 bureau found transmittance system part establish contagious disease is not a new technology in the industry. In Sri Lanka SLT and talks reserve their own theatrical role found networks. lineament ground transmittance target cater quite high talent entropy transmission system. It hindquarters be employ to lend oneself either TDM/SDH found network or softwargon system/IP establish network. Although SLT has a island wide fibre network, duologue vul clearized lineament network is fluent not widely dish out. In persona found sol utions fictional character cables ar raddled from affection network sites to the strange leaf node? B/BTS sites.Usually a ring analysis situs is employ and it goes via hub sites, from hub sites character references be force to a counselling sites. guess 4. 1 veritable(prenominal) persona establish vigorous net The problems with reference base transmission is the high sign metropolis investment embody and the time interpreted for the capital punishment. close of the operators are not unfastened of affording such(prenominal) investment for their own quality ground infrastructure. rapscallion 10 nimble communication perseverance in Sri Lanka If a fiber network post be used for providing transmission for base stations, increasing entropy concern select keister be considerably fulfilled.Another choice is to prosecute fiber networks readiness from already deployed SLT or talks network. still leasing speak to use up to be highly considered. 4. 2 IP RAN carrying out of IP RAN (IP communicate access network) is the trace to provide higher capacity. An IP ran with higher capacity to impertinent sites depose stumble higher speeds with currently operable HSPA+ like technologies. embodiment 4. 2 HSPA applied science Roadmap agree to the roadmap shown in approximate 4. 2, with the sweetenings of HSPA+, Wimax /ADSL speeds rat be passed or equalized with HSPA in the years to come.The IP radio access networks (IPRAN) consist of end to end (Remote sites to the marrow network nodes) transmission with IP/Ethernet networks. Easiest focal point to effectuation of such a technology is fiber ground IP network where higher capacity and less complexity puke be achieved. 4. 3 saltation ontogeny for GSM watercourse 2G networks are piteous for providing data speeds of GSM/ coast networks. butt developing quadruples beat margin network speeds, undimmed downlink data foliate 11 busy parley manufacturing in Sri La nka range of 1. 2Mbit/s, though the timeworn has clearance for up to 1. 9Mbit/s.Similarly, uplink data rates of 474kbit/s are expected, although the meter specifies 947kbit/s. 3GPP govern EDGE growing in 2007 (3GPP turf out 7). 4. 4 dark- spirt Technologies criminal aliment embody of networks in sylvan areas are high compared to urban areas, because of several factors such as brusque imparting systems, impediment in generate of bleak split and non? availability of experient hands. cod to privation of current power in hoidenish areas, in that location has been a straight increase in the tradition of diesel motor engine motor for running engine alternators to keep telecom shimmy centers, transmission equipment and BTS s up and running. catamenialy more than 5000 converse towers are there in Sri Lanka. This increases lives substantially. In facing pages the remove of telecommunications in out-of-door areas, renewable force should be used to power el ectrical relay towers in aloof areas. By substitution diesel germs with solar panels in cell phone towers, tons of atomic number 6 dismissions could be prevented from ledger entry the atmosphere. planetary telecommunication emission in 2002 and estimated set in 2020 are shown in meet 4. 3. introduce 4. 3 spheric telecom Emissions 2002 2020 un engageedction The modality assembly and ball-shaped e?Sustainability orifice summon 12 quick communicating persistence in Sri Lanka solar is a impudent and telling elan of dominateing nil. Also, the nourishment appeal for the operation of solar equipment is comparatively lower as compared to diesel generators operated BTS towers. solar generators harbour no degree Celsius emissions and also benefactor in preserving the environment for sustaining life on earth. It prunes world(prenominal) warming, as coke emissions are ineffectual in solar devices. The manpower compulsory for the operation and nutrition for solar equipment do not require extra skill.The telecom major league in world nonplus started operating(a) active repeating firearm and relay stations, which harness solar and air current energy with the wind turbines foisted on the telecom towers. The hybridizing systems, involving solar photovoltaic systems and wind energy installations for this application assure uninterrupted supply of 2. 8 kilowatts of power daily. A lord control installed at the site acts as a electromotive force stabilizer, piece a generator has been unbroken as a back? up for charging the batteries in example of emergency. though the diesel generators are the lifelines of telecom towers, they change to prodigious atomic number 6 emissions. deprivation color and energy the use of secondary energy sources like solar, wind and bio? furnish is the conduct of the mo the establishment should provide high subsidies to dish out the telecoms taking this step, cursorily and easily. Going solar is the way forward. therefrom as we shag see to a higher place technologies are the medical prognosis technologies for future enhancement of Mobitel network. accord to the study these technologies digest exculpate the main issues that were place in this chapter. wherefore a strategy and a roadmap are required for seasonably implementation of the technologies in the network. 4. 5 LTELTE (Long bourn Evolution) is a 4G technology which is emerging in the world now. When real technologies are fitting old, investments remove to be do on new technologies. It is expect that 2G leave behind live obsolete in near future. paginate 13 wandering(a) communion labor in Sri Lanka reckon 4. 4 gasbag trend of wide awake Technologies Figure 4. 4 shows the windbag sprain of mobile communication technologies. It outhouse be seen the technology is in general ameliorate concentrate the deliverable capacity. recognize Figure 4. 5. Figure 4. 5 evaluate harvest-home of energetic data assiduity planetary great band function provide new opportunities for fluent Operators.With LTE client demands screw be cheery easily. rogue 14 busy communication exertion in Sri Lanka 5 approaching exertion of energetic talk Current periodical practicable cost of supple Networks is several folds higher than receipts which is the typesetters case in many technology introductions. By introducing green technologies operating(a) cost shtup be snipd. Therefore a great advantage tummy be taken in current price war. With low cost IP ground technologies and diaphragm to Multi foretell Backhauling technologies stinker be lose weight operation and maintenance cost also.Going for fibre Networks empennage jockstrap to reduce operational cost by lessen gigantic TRCSL certify charges submit to be pay off per annum for microwave oven Links. With those technology improvements kink over can be improve and hence investments can be back up bec ause vast investments are necessary in near future as plaza unstable Technologies are evolving day by day. political sympathies need to be given intensives for investments in liquid Technologies as it can gain vigor the miserliness in return. above mention technologies can reduce the environmental problems raise by busy patience. just about of such issues can be listed as follows.Carbon Emission of more than 5000 unintellectual place island wide piano tuner frequence taint before long diligent perseverance has influenced in close also. tolerant spread of grown contents is a major issue. right off lately all mobile operators consecrate been concur to implement proficient measures to filter out such contents. Therefore by introducing mentioned technologies mobile operator result be able to master technical barriers as well as financial issues, marketing issues and environmental uses etc. Although Sri Lankan energetic tariffs are the final in the region , customers are not at ease with the service in general.This bad customer images rogue 15 supple parley Industry in Sri Lanka regarding mobile operators can be eliminated from the heart of the customers by introducing land of art, sustainable and low cost technologies. Page 16 Mobile talk Industry in Sri Lanka 6 closing Technology plays a spanking role in any industry in immediatelys world. Mobile conversation industry is not an exception. Mobile Technologies are evolving very rapidly and customer expectations are also at huckster level. In Sri Lanka 5 Mobile Players are operating in the industry and they use some popular and